- Hardened Alloy Steel Handle
- Reversible Drive, Forged Chrome Vanadium Steel Ratchet Head
- Corrosion-Resistant Chrome Plated Finish
- Locking Micrometer Torque Adjustment with Non-Slip Knurled Grip
- Wrench Clicks when Torque Setting is Reached
Saturday, October 9, 2010
Top Down Construction
The top-down method of construction enables a high-rise superstructure and its sub-basement to be built simultaneously. Perimeter foundation walls are constructed using the concrete diaphragm or secant wall methods. Load-bearing elements or drilled shafts are installed and the building columns brought up to grade level. Ground level and first basement slabs are poured, with access holes left to allow excavation beneath. As each subsequent subgrade level is completed, the floors act as lateral bracing for the perimeter wall system. Above grade construction can proceed while the subgrade work is ongoing since the building’s structural support is already in place.
Take from http://www.casefoundation.com/services/topdownconstruction.aspx
Sekilas mengenai top down construction methode,
metode ini didasari dari dua kepentingan :
1. menekan biaya pembuatan retaining wall pada multistore basement struktur (struktur basemen betingkat banyak) yang biasanya menggunakan soil nailing maupun strouting.
2. menekan waktu yang lama pada saat menggunakan metode konstruksi bottom up. dimana waktu terbanyak biasanya dipakai untuk pembuatan retaining wall dan struktur basemen. baru setelah selesai dilanjutkan dengan upper structurenya.
Thursday, June 3, 2010
Saturday, May 15, 2010
Saturday, May 1, 2010
Formula Tightening Torque
Relation Formula Between Bolt and Tightening Torque
A tightened body tightening force stabilization agent capable of
minimizing a variation in torque coefficient suitable for controlling
a tightened body tightening force by a torque method, comprising
, as an active ingredient, a polymer of unsaturated chain hydrocarbon
with a carbon quantity of four; a method for stabilization of tightened
body tightening force, comprising the steps of applying the polymer to
at least either of a thread part such as a bolt member and a washer
and the threaded part or seat surface of the tightened body and
performing a tightening operation.
T=kdF
K=1/2{(d1/d)tan(θ'+β)+(d2/d)}≒0.2
θ'=tan-1μ1/(cosα/2)
T: Tightening torque --------------------N-m
K: Torque coefficient
d: Normal bolt size ----------------------mm
F: Axial tension -------------------------N
d1: Pitch diameter -----------------------mm
d2: Pitch diameter ofunder head ---------mm
μ1: Thread friction coeffcient
μ2: Underhead friction coefficient
α: Half angle of screw thread
β: Lead angle
θ': Angle off riction svrew thread
Technical Details
Product Description
From the Manufacturer
Product Description
Standart Tightening Torque for construction bolt
Bolt Size mm | Pitch mm | Bolt Hex mm | Strength Grade (N-m) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4.6 | 6.8 | 8.8 | 10.9 | 12.9 | |||
3 | 0.5 | 5.5 | 0.51 | 1.01 | 1.35 | 1.90 | 2.27 |
4 | 0.7 | 7 | 0.95 | 1.91 | 2.54 | 3.57 | 4.29 |
5 | 0.8 | 8 | 2.28 | 4.56 | 6.09 | 8.56 | 10.3 |
6 | 1.0 | 10 | 3.92 | 7.85 | 10.5 | 14.7 | 17.7 |
8 | 1.25 | 13 | 9.48 | 18.9 | 25.3 | 35.5 | 42.7 |
10 | 1.5 | 17 | 19.1 | 38.1 | 50.9 | 71.5 | 86.8 |
12 | 1.75 | 19 | 32.6 | 65.1 | 86.9 | 122 | 146 |
14 | 2.0 | 22 | 51.9 | 104 | 139 | 195 | 234 |
16 | 2.0 | 24 | 79.9 | 160 | 213 | 299 | 359 |
18 | 2.5 | 27 | 110 | 220 | 293 | 413 | 495 |
20 | 2.5 | 30 | 156 | 312 | 416 | 585 | 702 |
22 | 2.5 | 32 | 211 | 422 | 563 | 792 | 950 |
24 | 3.0 | 36 | 270 | 539 | 719 | 1010 | 1213 |
27 | 3.0 | 41 | 398 | 795 | 1060 | 1490 | 1789 |
30 | 3.5 | 46 | 540 | 1080 | 1440 | 2025 | 2430 |
Part Number: | CEM360N3X22D |
Item Package Quantity: | 1 |
Item Dimensions | |
Weight: | 2.5 Pounds |
Length: | 28.07 inches |
Width: | 2.26 inches |
Height: | 1.81 inches |
Technical Details
- Torque Range 72~360NM; Accuracy +/-1% of indicated value; 0.4 resolution
- CW & CCW testing directions; 999 Data Memory; Run/Peak Modes
- Includes QH22D 3/4" sq dr ratcheting head (removeable) {other head types sold separately}
- Includes Certificate of Calibration; Ni-MH rechargeable Battery Pack and Charger
- RS232 Port for downloading data; #584 USB cable sold separately
Product Description
Product Details
|
Technical Details
- Hardened Alloy Steel Handle
- Reversible Drive, Forged Chrome Vanadium Steel Ratchet Head
- Corrosion-Resistant Chrome Plated Finish
- Locking Micrometer Torque Adjustment with Non-Slip Knurled Grip
- Wrench Clicks when Torque Setting is Reached
Product Description
From the Manufacturer
Product Description
Calculator Torque (Click here to start counting)
Tabel Torsi Baut Berbagai Grade
ASTM A307
Bolt Size | TPI | Proof Load (lbs) | Clamp Load (lbs) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tightening Torque (ft lbs) | ||||||
Waxed | Galv | Plain | ||||
1/4 | 20 | 1145 | 859 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
5/16 | 18 | 1886 | 1415 | 4 | 9 | 7 |
3/8 | 16 | 2790 | 2093 | 7 | 16 | 13 |
7/16 | 14 | 3827 | 2870 | 10 | 26 | 21 |
1/2 | 13 | 5108 | 3831 | 16 | 40 | 32 |
9/16 | 12 | 6552 | 4914 | 23 | 58 | 46 |
5/8 | 11 | 8136 | 6102 | 32 | 79 | 64 |
3/4 | 10 | 12024 | 9018 | 56 | 141 | 113 |
7/8 | 9 | 15200 | 11400 | 83 | 208 | 166 |
1 | 8 | 20000 | 15000 | 125 | 313 | 250 |
1 1/8 | 7 | 25200 | 18900 | 177 | 443 | 354 |
1 1/4 | 7 | 32000 | 24000 | 250 | 625 | 500 |
1 3/8 | 6 | 38100 | 28575 | 327 | 819 | 655 |
1 1/2 | 6 | 46400 | 34800 | 435 | 1088 | 870 |
1 3/4 | 5 | 68400 | 51300 | 748 | 1870 | 1496 |
2 | 4 1/2 | 90000 | 67500 | 1125 | 2813 | 2250 |
2 1/4 | 4 1/2 | 117000 | 87750 | 1645 | 4113 | 3291 |
2 1/2 | 4 | 144000 | 108000 | 2250 | 5625 | 4500 |
2 3/4 | 4 | 177480 | 133110 | 3050 | 7626 | 6101 |
3 | 4 | 214920 | 161190 | 4030 | 10074 | 8060 |
3 1/4 | 4 | 255600 | 191700 | 5192 | 12980 | 10384 |
3 1/2 | 4 | 299880 | 224910 | 6560 | 16400 | 13120 |
3 3/4 | 4 | 347760 | 260820 | 8151 | 20377 | 16301 |
4 | 4 | 398880 | 299160 | 9972 | 24930 | 19944 |
SAE GRADE 2
Bolt Size | TPI | Proof Load (lbs) | Clamp Load (lbs) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tightening Torque (ft lbs) | ||||||
Waxed | Galv | Plain | ||||
1/4 | 20 | 1750 | 1313 | 3 | 7 | 5 |
5/16 | 18 | 2900 | 2175 | 6 | 14 | 11 |
3/8 | 16 | 4250 | 3188 | 10 | 25 | 20 |
7/16 | 14 | 5850 | 4388 | 16 | 40 | 32 |
1/2 | 13 | 7800 | 5850 | 24 | 61 | 49 |
9/16 | 12 | 10000 | 7500 | 35 | 88 | 70 |
5/8 | 11 | 12400 | 9300 | 48 | 121 | 97 |
3/4 | 10 | 18400 | 13800 | 86 | 216 | 173 |
7/8 | 9 | 15200 | 11400 | 83 | 208 | 166 |
1 | 8 | 20000 | 15000 | 125 | 313 | 250 |
1 1/8 | 7 | 25200 | 18900 | 177 | 443 | 354 |
1 1/4 | 7 | 32000 | 24000 | 250 | 625 | 500 |
1 3/8 | 6 | 38100 | 28575 | 327 | 819 | 655 |
1 1/2 | 6 | 46400 | 34800 | 435 | 1088 | 870 |
ASTM A325 / ASTM A449 / SAE GRADE 5
Bolt Size | TPI | Proof Load (lbs) | Clamp Load (lbs) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tightening Torque (ft lbs) | ||||||
Waxed | Galv | Plain | ||||
1/4 | 20 | 2700 | 2025 | 4 | 11 | 8 |
5/16 | 18 | 4450 | 3338 | 9 | 22 | 17 |
3/8 | 16 | 6600 | 4950 | 15 | 39 | 31 |
7/16 | 14 | 9050 | 6788 | 25 | 62 | 49 |
1/2 | 13 | 12050 | 9038 | 38 | 94 | 75 |
9/16 | 12 | 15450 | 11588 | 54 | 136 | 109 |
5/8 | 11 | 19200 | 14400 | 75 | 188 | 150 |
3/4 | 10 | 28400 | 21300 | 133 | 333 | 266 |
7/8 | 9 | 39250 | 29438 | 215 | 537 | 429 |
1 | 8 | 51500 | 38625 | 322 | 805 | 644 |
1 1/8 | 7 | 56450 | 42338 | 397 | 992 | 794 |
1 1/4 | 7 | 71700 | 53775 | 560 | 1400 | 1120 |
1 3/8 | 6 | 85450 | 64088 | 734 | 1836 | 1469 |
1 1/2 | 6 | 104000 | 78000 | 975 | 2438 | 1950 |
1 3/4 | 5 | 104500 | 78375 | 1143 | 2857 | 2286 |
2 | 4 1/2 | 137500 | 103125 | 1719 | 4297 | 3438 |
2 1/4 | 4 1/2 | 178750 | 134063 | 2514 | 6284 | 5027 |
2 1/2 | 4 | 220000 | 165000 | 3438 | 8594 | 6875 |
2 3/4 | 4 | 271150 | 203363 | 4660 | 11651 | 9321 |
3 | 4 | 328350 | 246263 | 6157 | 15391 | 12313 |
ASTM A193 B7
Bolt Size | TPI | Proof Load (lbs) | Clamp Load (lbs) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tightening Torque (ft lbs) | ||||||
Waxed | Galv | Plain | ||||
1/4 | 20 | 3350 | 2513 | 5 | 13 | 10 |
5/16 | 18 | 5500 | 4125 | 11 | 27 | 21 |
3/8 | 16 | 8150 | 6113 | 19 | 48 | 38 |
7/16 | 14 | 11150 | 8363 | 30 | 76 | 61 |
1/2 | 13 | 14900 | 11175 | 47 | 116 | 93 |
9/16 | 12 | 19100 | 14325 | 67 | 168 | 134 |
5/8 | 11 | 23750 | 17813 | 93 | 232 | 186 |
3/4 | 10 | 35050 | 26288 | 164 | 411 | 329 |
7/8 | 9 | 48500 | 36375 | 265 | 663 | 530 |
1 | 8 | 63650 | 47738 | 398 | 995 | 796 |
1 1/8 | 7 | 80100 | 60075 | 563 | 1408 | 1126 |
1 1/4 | 7 | 101750 | 76313 | 795 | 1987 | 1590 |
1 3/8 | 6 | 121300 | 90975 | 1042 | 2606 | 2085 |
1 1/2 | 6 | 147550 | 110663 | 1383 | 3458 | 2767 |
1 3/4 | 5 | 199500 | 149625 | 2182 | 5455 | 4364 |
2 | 4 1/2 | 262500 | 196875 | 3281 | 8203 | 6563 |
2 1/4 | 4 1/2 | 341250 | 255938 | 4799 | 11997 | 9598 |
2 1/2 | 4 | 420000 | 315000 | 6563 | 16406 | 13125 |
2 3/4 | 4 | 468500 | 351263 | 8050 | 20124 | 16100 |
3 | 4 | 567150 | 425363 | 10634 | 26585 | 21268 |
3 1/4 | 4 | 674500 | 505875 | 13701 | 34252 | 27402 |
3 1/2 | 4 | 791350 | 593513 | 17311 | 43277 | 34622 |
3 3/4 | 4 | 917700 | 688275 | 21509 | 53771 | 43017 |
4 | 4 | 1052600 | 789450 | 26315 | 65788 | 52630 |
ASTM A354-BD / ASTM A490 / SAE GRADE 8
Bolt Size | TPI | Proof Load (lbs) | Clamp Load (lbs) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tightening Torque (ft lbs) | |||||
Lubricated | Plain | ||||
1/4 | 20 | 3800 | 2850 | 6 | 12 |
5/16 | 18 | 6300 | 4725 | 12 | 25 |
3/8 | 16 | 9300 | 6975 | 22 | 44 |
7/16 | 14 | 12750 | 9563 | 35 | 70 |
1/2 | 13 | 17050 | 12788 | 53 | 107 |
9/16 | 12 | 21850 | 16388 | 77 | 154 |
5/8 | 11 | 27100 | 20325 | 106 | 212 |
3/4 | 10 | 40100 | 30075 | 188 | 376 |
7/8 | 9 | 55450 | 41588 | 303 | 606 |
1 | 8 | 72700 | 54525 | 454 | 909 |
1 1/8 | 7 | 91550 | 68663 | 644 | 1287 |
1 1/4 | 7 | 120000 | 90000 | 938 | 1875 |
1 3/8 | 6 | 138600 | 103950 | 1191 | 2382 |
1 1/2 | 6 | 168600 | 126450 | 1581 | 3161 |
1 3/4 | 5 | 228000 | 171000 | 2494 | 4988 |
2 | 4 1/2 | 300000 | 225000 | 3750 | 7500 |
2 1/4 | 4 1/2 | 390000 | 292500 | 5484 | 10969 |
2 1/2 | 4 | 480000 | 360000 | 7500 | 15000 |
2 3/4 | 4 | 517650 | 388238 | 8897 | 17794 |
3 | 4 | 626850 | 470138 | 11753 | 23507 |
3 1/4 | 4 | 745500 | 559125 | 15143 | 30286 |
3 1/2 | 4 | 874650 | 655988 | 19133 | 38266 |
3 3/4 | 4 | 1014300 | 760725 | 23773 | 47545 |
4 | 4 | 1163400 | 872550 | 29085 | 58100 |
- Notes:
- Values calculated using industry accepted formula T = KDP where T = Torque, K = torque coefficient (dimensionless), D = nominal diameter (inches), P = bolt clamp load, lb.
- K values: waxed (e.g. pressure wax as supplied on high strength nuts) = .10, hot dip galvanized = .25, and plain non-plated bolts (as received) = .20.
- Torque has been converted into ft/lbs by dividing the result of the formula by 12
- All calculations are for Coarse Thread Series (UNC).
- Grade 2 calculations only cover fasteners 1/4"-3/4" in diameter up to 6" long; for longer fasteners the torque is reduced significantly.
- Clamp loads are based on 75% of the minimum proof loads for each grade and size.
- Proof load, stress area, yield strength, and other data is based on IFI 7th Edition (2003) Technical Data N-68, SAE J429, ASTM A307, A325, A354, A449, and A490.
Part Number: | 2455 |
Item Package Quantity: | 1 |
Item Dimensions | |
Weight: | 2 Pounds |
Length: | 12 inches |
Width: | 3 inches |
Height: | 2 inches |
Technical Details
- Hardened Alloy Steel Handle
- Reversible Drive, Forged Chrome Vanadium Steel Ratchet Head
- Corrosion-Resistant Chrome Plated Finish
- Locking Micrometer Torque Adjustment with Non-Slip Knurled Grip
- Wrench Clicks when Torque Setting is Reached